History of Lake, Porter, and LaPorteCounty history published by the Historians' Association . . . .
Source Citation:
Cannon, Thomas H., H. H. Loring, and Charles J. Robb. 1927.
History of
the Lake and Calumet Region of Indiana, Embracing the Counties of Lake,
Porter and LaPorte: An Historical Account of Its People and Its Progress
from the Earliest Times to the Present.
Volume I. Indianapolis, Indiana: Historians' Association. 840 p.
HISTORY OF THE LAKE AND CALUMET REGION OF INDIANA
CHAPTER XVI.
THE NEWSPAPERS.
EARLY NEWSPAPERS IN LAPORTE COUNTY -- MICHIGAN CITY NEWS -- MICHIGAN CITY
DISPATCH -- LAPORTE HERALD-ARGUS -- EARLY NEWSPAPERS IN PORTER COUNTY --
VIDETTE, VALPARAISO -- MESSENGER, VALPARAISO -- CHESTERTON TRIBUNE -- EARLY
NEWSPAPERS IN LAKE COUNTY -- CROWN POINT REGISTER -- THE LAKE COUNTY STAR,
CROWN POINT -- HOBART GAZETTE -- HOBART NEWS -- LAKE COUNTY TIMES -- WHITING
NEWS -- LOWELL NEWSPAPERS -- GARY POST-TRIBUNE.
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Even before the pioneer settlements had become firmly established, and before some large communities in more settled sections could boast of a newspaper, the pioneers of the Lake and Calumet Region had the advantage of periodical issues of well-edited newspapers, many of whose owners and editors achieved later fame in larger communities where opportunity existed for their talents and abilities to be awarded proper recognition. Even in the pioneer days great efforts were made to bring to the field and forest and the most remote hamlets, the news of national importance and especially news of a political character or concerning acts or policies of the Government in which every pioneer settler was largely interested and particularly in measures having any bearing on the development of the new pioneer states.
While the owners of the pioneer press, as would be expected, realized a loss on most of the newspaper ventures, yet there was always someone of means and leadership in the settlements, who realized the importance of having a newspaper for the settlers and risked a loss in order that the settlers would not be denied the enjoyment derived from practically their only means of obtaining a knowledge of the outside world. There were many occasions during the early pioneer period when a successful newspaper met opposition for no other reason than the expectation on the part of the owner of the newer publication that the owner of the older and well established paper would pay them a profitable price to clear the field from competition and in many cases this was the result.
Other newspapers in the pioneer period were promoted and published in the interest of the different political parties and while successful in a measure as political organs they failed in their mission as real newspapers and the period of their life was short. The newspapers which have survived and are firmly established are the ones which were active in
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promoting the upbuilding of their communities and with superior news facilities and who maintained a non-offensive attitude in politics.
LAPORTE COUNTY.
The first newspaper published in LaPorte County was the Michigan City Gazette, the first number appearing on July 18, 1835. Its editor and proprietor was James S. Castle. At first the Gazette was democratic but later became an advocate of whig principles. The Gazette ceased to exist after six years. Richard Burleigh established a democratic paper in Michigan City in 1838, which, like the Gazette, soon passed out of existence. The Michigan City News was established in 1846 as a democratic organ and it lasted six years. In 1854, Richard W. Colfax began publishing the Michigan City Transcript, a whig newspaper, the name of the paper being afterwards changed to the Enterprise. In 1859 the Enterprise came under control of Thomas Jernejan, who had previously been identified with the Michigan City News, and he continued it for many years. An attempt to make it a daily instead of a weekly newspaper failed, as Michigan City was not yet ready for a daily paper.
With the exception of a short period during the war, the Enterprise continued to be published until 1884, when it went into the hands of the sheriff. Since 1881 Charles J. Robb was working on the Enterprise and, after it ceased to exist, he went to Chicago. During his absence, the Republican Printing Co. tried to revive the Enterprise and called Mr. Robb to become general manager. Associating himself with Ira S. Carpenter of Chicago, Mr. Robb changed the name of the Enterprise to the Michigan City News, made it a thoroughly republican daily paper and bought out the Republican Printing Co. In 1902 H. R. Misener, who had been city editor of the News, bought out Mr. Carpenter, and under the management of Messrs. Robb and Misener the News acquired great influence in Michigan City and the surrounding territory and has a very large circulation (5,500), considering the population of the district in which the News is published.
It is claimed that some other newspapers were published which existed for short periods, among them being the Michigan Review, in 1864, which lasted about a year, and also an earlier Michigan City News, which lasted but a short time. A newspaper published in the German language called Die Freie Lanze was first published in 1891 and was discontinued about fifteen years later. The editor, Dr. Carl Freitag, became well known throughout the Middle West, and especially among the German population, through his editorial writings, which had great influence among the German-speaking people. Another newspaper of influence, the Dispatch, was started in Michigan City in 1879 by Harry C. Francis. Politically it
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has been democratic and has been ably edited and is said to have a circulation of 3,000. It is published by Francis & Faulknor.
The LaPorte Herald made its appearance on November 5, 1836. The firm of Orton & Saxton were editors and proprietors. It announced its independence in politics and that its primary object was to promote the prosperity of LaPorte County. It lasted but a short time and many claim there was never but one or two issues of the paper. The second LaPorte Herald, edited by Wilbur F. Story, made its appearance in 1838. Its publication was irregular, although it was supposed to be a weekly newspaper, and it was finally discontinued in 1841, the paper and the printing press being moved to Mishawaka. On June 23, 1838, the LaPorte County Whig was first published in LaPorte. It was under the control of J. M. Stewart until September, 1839, when it came into the possession of Capt. A. P. Andrew. F. A. Stewart, one of the founders of the Chicago Tribune, purchased the newspaper and press from Mr. Andrew in 1840, but, in 1845, it came into the possession of John Milliken and his brother, William. With the defeat of the whig party in politics in 1852, the paper changed its name to the LaPorte Union and Richard Holmes and F. M. Horn became proprietors. It continued to be published regularly until 1867 when it was merged with the LaPorte Herald.
The Westville Free Press made its appearance in 1852, but like so many other newspapers of that period went out of existence in a very short time. The Westville Herald followed, being first published on May 2, 1856, and continued until August 7, 1859, when it was moved to LaPorte and the name changed to the LaPorte Herald. Its editor and proprietor, Charles G. Powell, purchased the LaPorte Union and consolidated it with the LaPorte Herald. The Herald grew in circulation and influence and later purchased from Taylor & King the Chronicle, which was first published by Hon. Jasper Packard. For a while it was published under the name of Herald-Chronicle, but later the name Chronicle was dropped and the paper continued under its former name of the LaPorte Herald. A daily edition was begun in 1888 and it was a success from the start. Charles G. Powell, who had sold his interest in the Herald many years before, returned to LaPorte in 1894 and started a weekly newspaper called the LaPorte Republican.
For a short time during the Civil war, a newspaper called the LaPorte Democrat was published and in 1872 the LaPorte Argus, a democratic paper, was started by H. E. Wadsworth and John B. Stowell. In 1898 the LaPorte Bulletin was published and was an advocate of the most pronounced radical democrat doctrines. It was finally absorbed by the Argus and the consolidated newspaper was for a time published under the name of the Argus-Bulletin. In 1903 another daily called the LaPorte Democrat was started by Joshua Chaney, who had disposed of his interests
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in the Argus, and the Argus-Bulletin Company absorbed the Democrat also. In 1898 Harry B. Darling published a monthly periodical known as the Catholic American. This was a successful venture and soon had a large circulation. The Crisis was another periodical, started in 1852 by Rev. Henry Weller. The name was afterwards changed to the New Church Independent. In 1870 it absorbed the New Church Monthly published in Philadelphia and became known as the New Church Independent and Monthly Review. Later it was moved to Chicago, but financial difficulties caused it to disband publication. The Westville Indicator, with Charles Martin as editor, came into being after the removal of the Westville Herald to LaPorte and was successful for a time, becoming well known throughout Indiana and Illinois on account of its able editorial department.
The Wanatah Mirror was another newspaper which proved successful from its first publication. In Union Mills the LaPorte County News was published but was forced to suspend through lack of patronage after a few years’ existence. The LaPorte Journal was started in 1877. It was published in the German language and was prosperous for a time. In 1898 it suspended publication, the press being purchased by the Bulletin. In 1924 the LaPorte Herald bought out the Argus and consolidated under the name of the Herald-Argus and is independent politically. The circulation is over 6,000. It is ably edited and a great power and influence in promoting the progress of LaPorte. Its editor and business manager, C. A. Beale, is one of the most progressive citizens in the city, a former president of the chamber of commerce and a born newspaper man, whose talents and ability and whose newspaper columns have been unselfishly devoted to the interests of LaPorte.
PORTER COUNTY.
It is said that the first newspaper in Porter County was the Republican, a small weekly newspaper published by James Castle in 1842. William M. Harrison purchased the Republican in 1844 and changed the name to the Western Ranger and made it a democrat weekly. William C. Talcott became a partner of Mr. Harrison in 1847 and under their joint ownership the paper was increased in size and had a large circulation for that period. It enjoyed unique distinction inasmuch as the owners differed politically and abolition articles appeared in the paper signed by Mr. Harrison while democratic editorials were on the same sheet signed by Mr. Talcott. It is not known if the differences in political opinions was the cause of the retirement of Mr. Harrison, but in 1849 Mr. Talcott purchased his partner’s interest and the name of the paper was changed to the Practical Observer and it became a great power for good in the com-
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munity. For a number of years it was a democrat newspaper but with the rise in the movement for the abolition of slavery Mr. Talcott, the owner and editor, joined the movement and his earnest and able editorials are said to be largely responsible for the strength of the republican party in Porter County years before the war.
Dr. R. A. Cameron purchased the Practical Observer in 1857 and changed its name to the Republican and it became the recognized county organ of the new party. Thomas McConnell purchased the paper in 1858 and a year later its former owner, William C. Talcott, was back at his desk as editor. The paper again changed hands in 1859, Mr. Cameron again becoming owner and publisher, and it was issued until 1866 when it was sold to Aaron Gurney and merged with the Vidette. The first number of the Porter County Vidette was issued in January, 1866, and the merged papers, under the name of Vidette and Republican, were issued for a few months when the name Republican was dropped. John M. Mavity purchased the Vidette in 1903 and is still the owner and editor. It is an excellent publication, with a large circulation and a sound editorial page.
Another newspaper, called the Porter Democrat, had a brief period just before the Civil war, the last number appearing in November, 1860. In 1871 a democratic journal called the Messenger was first issued and it soon had a large circulation and influence but was discontinued in a few years. The present Valparaiso Messenger, of much later origin, is an enterprising publication and enjoys a large circulation. In 1881 the Valparaiso Herald appeared, edited by P. O. Sullivan, and it soon gained popularity as it was not only well edited but every field of local news was well covered. It proved unprofitable to issue and was forced to discontinue publication.
In September, 1787, the Hebron Free Press was first established but a year later was sold to W. H. Mansfield, and still later the paper and printing outfit were removed to Lowell. In 1889 another attempt to issue a permanent daily was made by James A. McConahy, who published the Valparaiso Star, which after two years became a weekly paper and was finally sold to the Vidette in 1898. The Journal, published in 1904, was another venture which was abandoned after a short time as the paper failed to acquire sufficient patronage. The first number of the Chesterton Tribune appeared in October, 1882, with W. W. Mickels as editor. It did not promise much success but two years later came into the ownership of A. J. Bowser and S. D. Watson, the latter retiring the same year, Mr. Bowser becoming the sole proprietor. Mr. Bowser was a born newspaper man and the Tribune became a real newspaper with not only a large county circulation but an important circulation in the city of Valparaiso also. The soundness of its editorials on matters pertaining to Porter
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County brought to the Tribune a great influence and it became one of the best known newspapers in Northern Indiana. Mr. Bowser retired from the active management of the Tribune in 1924.
LAKE COUNTY.
It is said the first attempt at publishing a newspaper in Lake County was an occasional issue by Solon Robinson of a little paper carrying important local news and the recent prominent happenings in general public affairs. It irregularly appeared from 1838 to 1841 but it is recorded in the United States Census of 1840. The small printing press and type with which this paper was issued were later sold to James Castle of Valparaiso and he published the Republican.
For many years and until just prior to the Civil war, the Practical Observer, published in Valparaiso, had a large circulation in the settled district of Lake County and it could be found in nearly all the homes there. This led to the conclusion on the part of J. S. Holton, John Wheeler, Z. F. Summers and several others that a live newspaper, advocating the principles of the new republican party, could be issued at Crown Point and its circulation extended into Porter as well as Lake County, and in 1857 they decided to begin circulation. Rodney Dunning of Valparaiso was engaged as active manager of the new paper, which was called the Lake County Herald, but, after a few months, Mr. Dunning was relieved of his duties and Mr. Holton became the owner of the paper, having purchased the other interests.
In February, 1858, the plant was sold to John Wheeler and Z. F. Summers, who began the publication of the Crown Point Register, and it was a strong advocate of the new republican party. In 1862 the plant was sold to Harper & Beattie, by whom it was issued until 1866 when Samuel E. Ball bought Mr. Harper’s interest, which a year later he sold to Frank S. Bedell. Under the firm name of Bedell & Beattie the business was continued until October, 1869, when Mr. Beattie died and his interest was purchased by Mr. Bedell. In 1875 C. W. Ainsworth purchased an interest in the newspaper and plant but a year later sold it to J. J. Wheeler, who shortly afterwards sold his interest to John Millikan. In April, 1882, Mr. Millikan purchased Mr. Bedell’s interest and thereafter had full ownership and control of the plant, newspaper and its policies.
Mr. Millikan, who had been a newspaper man since boyhood, was nearly 70 years old when he took over the control of the Register and as a result he soon retired from its active management. Later owners were S. P. Day, Willis C. McMahan and A. A. Bibler, under the firm name of McMahan & Bibler; also later, Charles J. Davidson, C. A. Collins and A. A. Bibler. The Register is an active, going newspaper of influence in the community and it is said Mr. Bibler is the active manager.
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Another newspaper in Crown Point, the first number of which appeared in February, 1860, was the Lake County Jeffersonian. It was democratic in principles and published by B. D. Harper with Joseph P. Smith as editor. It was issued only a few months when the printing press was sold. In 1872 H. M. Ingrim began the publication of the Crown Point Herald, which was devoted largely to the interests of Horace Greeley. Timothy Cleveland purchased the Herald in 1872 and continued it for a year and then disposed of his interest to J. J. Miller and J. F. Rowins. In 1875 Mr. Miller purchased his partner’s interest but in the same year sold the newspaper to Bedell & Ainsworth and the Herald was merged with the Register.
In 1876 the Lake County Herald, a democratic newspaper, was started in Crown Point but was discontinued in a few months. In 1877, John Millikan began the publication of the Crown Point Cosmos, a republican newspaper, which was discontinued when Mr. Millikan became the active owner of the Register. In 1872 E. R. Beebe began to issue a republican newspaper at Lowell and after five years of success the office was removed to Crown Point and the paper enlarged and improved. In 1878 the plant was purchased by John Griswold, who changed its policies, and, under the name of the Herald, it became a democratic organ. In October, 1880, J. J. Wheeler, son of Col. J. J. Wheeler, purchased the plant and paper, and as the Lake County Star it again became a republican newspaper.
Under Mr. Wheeler’s management the Star made great strides in circulation and influence and it has been consistently republican. For fifty-two years its ownership has been maintained in the Wheeler family and when John J. Wheeler, its veteran editor, died in 1917, it came under the control of his son, Fred W. Wheeler, who since he was 17 years old had been schooled in the newspaper business by his father, who was' editor and publisher. The Star is a weekly paper with a circulation well over the 3,000 mark and continues to grow. It has an excellent equipment including a Goss web newspaper press, linotypes and all modern machinery.
The Crown Point Freie Presse began publication in 1874, being owned by John Lehmann, John Meyers and J. J. Wheeler. Mr. Lehmann soon bought his partners’ interest and the paper was continued for years, being well edited and having a large circulation among the German-speaking population of Lake and nearby counties. Many other newspapers were started throughout the county which were issued but a short period, among them being the Hobart Journal, published in 1877 and two years later was sold to the Hammond Tribune. The Hobart Transcript, issued in 1882, was consolidated with the Hammond Times. The Hobart Gazette was founded in 1889 by George Narpass and G. Bender and a year later was purchased by Andrew J. Smith. In 1892 Mr. Smith sold a half interest in the paper to N. B. White and it has been successfully conducted
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under Mr. Smith’s management for 35 years and enjoyed a large circulation. The Hobart News was founded in 1907 by A. A. Keelor and the paper came into the possession of A. L. Pattee in 1912. The News also enjoys a large weekly circulation and is well managed and edited.
LAKE COUNTY TIMES, HAMMOND.
Amang the most remarkable successes in Indiana newspaper history is that of the Lake County Times with its modern printing plant and building in Hammond, which is the outgrowth of the Hammond Tribune, which, when purchased in 1906, had a circulation of 137. The Tribune was founded by Alfred A. Winslow in 1884 and later it came into the possession of the Davidson brothers of Whiting and after a time was published by T. J. Hyman of Chicago. Coming under the control of Sidney McHie, its name was changed to the Lake County Times and P. A. Parry became interested in it. Under the active management of Sidney McHie and Robert H. McHie it became an important influence in Northwestern Indiana. Its growth was phenomenal and as the circulation and influence increased the paper was enlarged and improved.
Ten years after the McHie brothers assumed charge of the paper and changed its name it had grown to a twelve-page, seven-column paper and had a great advertising patronage. Now, after twenty years of history, it has forty pages of nine columns with approximately 20,000 circulation and a phenomenal increase in the amount of advertising space and number of advertisers, as its widely read columns insure its value as an advertising medium. The Lake County Times has been active in promoting the industrial and civic growth of Northwestern Indiana and not only is found in nearly every home in Hammond and vicinity but has a large circulation in the farming communities of Lake County. The Lake County Printing and Publishing Company, which publishes the Lake County Times, also publishes the Gary Evening Times, the Calumet City Times, and the Times which circulates mainly in East Chicago and Indiana Harbor.
Another early newspaper in Hammond was the Independent, which was first published in 1888 by James B. Woods and was later purchased by the Lake County News, founded in 1900, and which also purchased the Hammond Daily Standard, a recent publication of that period. The Lake County News was published in April, 1900, by S. E. Swain, who in the following year purchased the Hammond Daily Standard, which later became the Daily News. The Eastern Chicago Globe was first published by E. S. Gilbert in 1891 and after eight years he disposed of the paper to Allison P. Brown. The Whiting News was the outgrowth of the Congregationalist, a small newspaper issued by Pastor D. A. Holman of the
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Plymouth Congregational Church in the interest of his congregation. Pastor Holman sold his interest in the News to J. G. Davidson, who later sold the paper to his brother, H. S. Davidson. In 1895 the paper again came into the possession of J. G. Davidson and in 1900 he sold it to E. S. Gilbert, who for four years was the editor and publisher. The News ceased publication a few years later.
In 1923 a new paper with the old name of the Whiting News came into existence and it was reorganized in 1925 under a new management. It is a weekly publication and is said to have a circulation of 2,500 copies. It is a live newspaper, independent in politics, and highly regarded in Whiting and vicinity. In 1892 the Whiting Standard made its appearance but after a short life it was purchased by H. S. Davidson and absorbed by the News. In 1905 the Whiting Call was first published by Edward H. Farr and it was successfully conducted from the start. It absorbed the Whiting Sun in 1908 which was first published under the name of the Whiting Democrat in 1892. At present the Whiting and East Chicago field is well covered by the Times publication of Hammond and the Gary Post-Tribune. Southern Lake County for years had two enterprising newspapers published in Lowell, the Tribune and Souvenier.
GARY POST-TRIBUNE.
It is said the first weekly publication in Gary was the Northern Indianian by Tom Costello, which was first printed in Chicago but later in Gary on a much-used flatbed press. The paper was not a successful venture and in the spring of 1909 its publication ceased. The Gary Times was the first daily publication and appeared in June, 1906, simultaneously with the erection of the pioneer shacks. Hon. C. O. Holmes, now a member of the Indiana State Senate and president of the South Side Trust Co. of Gary, was the founder of the Times. He gathered the local news and the presswork was done in Hammond.
The Gary Post-Tribune, at present the only daily newspaper, is the outgrowth of the establishment of the Gary Tribune in 1907 and the Gary Evening Post in 1909. The Tribune came in with the gold rush in the spring of 1907 and under the management of Homer Carr and George Scott the first edition was issued. The office was a shack located on the present site of the South Shore Station. Mark Goodnow and Fred Carr wrote the local news and mailed it to Chicago where the editor and business manager had the type set and the papers printed. In the winter of 1907 the office shack was moved to the east side of Broadway just north of Fourth Avenue and the following summer the first Tribune Building was erected on a 25-foot lot adjoining the First National Bank on the north.
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A flatbed press was installed with a linotype machine and on Labor Day, 1908, the first issue of the Daily Tribune appeared. The paper was a lusty infant, sometimes as much as six or eight pages being required as there was an extraordinary run of advertising, principally pertaining to real estate. In 1907, Carl Dennewitz, George Scott and Homer Carr joined the news force and through their added efforts the Tribune became a live newspaper.
Thomas E. Knotts was then president of the town board, and as Gary was about to become a city Mr. Knotts became a candidate for mayor. Owing to the conditions existing he deemed it necessary to have the assistance of a newspaper, and, providing himself with the old Costello press, he called to his aid Thomas H. Cannon and Frank Patrick of Chicago. The press was in the basement of the Knotts Building at Seventh and Broadway and a small section of the second floor was set aside for the news, business and circulation departments. From what the Gary pioneers tell of this campaign it must have been a hot contest, with Mr. Cannon right in the center of it as was his custom, and the connection which he formed with the Post at this period has been a permanent one, being with the Post and Post-Tribune ever since, with the exception of a few months, and he is as much a part of the newspaper as the press and the type. It is doubtful if any other person in Lake County is known by so many people and has as many friends as Tom Cannon.
Mr. Knotts was elected mayor but when the campaign was over found himself with a newspaper on his hands and with neither the time nor inclination to give it proper attention. In January, 1910, J. R. and H. B. Snyder happened in from Ohio and, after looking the field over, offered to assume Mr. Knotts’ burden and take the paper off his hands, which they obtained with a stock subscription list of those citizens who had been interested in bringing life into the Post but who, like Mr. Knotts, had ceased to have further interest in the publication. The new owners took over the paper March 1, 1910, and infused new life into the publication. In a few weeks a new press and two linotypes were installed at 118 West Fifth Avenue and the Post became an active, influential newspaper.
Gary thus had two active dailies and both of them successful business ventures. In 1912 the Tribune sold its Broadway building with its frontage of fifty feet and built a twenty-five foot building at Washington and Fifth, another twenty-five feet being added later. After remaining several years at 118 West Fifth the Post moved into the building which was just being erected at the northwest corner of Fifth Avenue and the first alley west of Broadway. A sixteen-page rotary press was installed, a third linotype added, as the circulation and business were growing rapidly. The Tribune had similar equipment and for a number of years competition was keen and honors fairly even. In 1921 both newspapers were
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experiencing the high after-the-war costs and publishing newspapers was a serious business proposition, with little likelihood of much profit as competition was growing keener. It is said the existing conditions caused Homer Carr to sell his interest in the Tribune to Ed Toner of Anderson, Ind., who published the Tribune for a few weeks only, disposing of his interest in July, 1921, to J. R. and H. B. Snyder of the Post.
A new company was formed in which George Scott of the Tribune retained his
interest, later becoming secretary, and the two dailies were consolidated
into the Post-Tribune. The new daily has been a wonderful newspaper success
from every standpoint and has now outgrown the old Tribune plant which was
taken over and the company is erecting a $400,000 plant at Broadway and
Fourth Place which will be a part of Gary’s new civic center and one of the
most beautiful buildings in the city. J. R. Snyder is publisher and H. B.
Snyder is editor of the Post-Tribune. With a circulation approximating
20,000 it has been an important factor in promoting the interests of Gary
and any movement to further or advance the moral, physical or industrial
progress of the city has always had the earnest support of the Post-Tribune.
NAVIGATION OF
HISTORY OF THE LAKE AND CALUMET REGION OF INDIANA
FOREWARD
AN APPRECIATION
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I - Geology and Topography
CHAPTER II - The Mound Builders
CHAPTER III - Days of Indian Occupancy
CHAPTER IV - Early Explorations
CHAPTER V - Border Warfare
CHAPTER VI - Lake and Calumet Region Becomes Part of United States
CHAPTER VII - After Wayne and Greenville - Tecumseh and the Prophet
CHAPTER VIII - Indian Peace
CHAPTER IX - Early Settlements and Pioneers - County Organization
CHAPTER X - Townships - Towns - Villages
CHAPTER XI - Pioneer Life
CHAPTER XII - The Lake Michigan Marshes
CHAPTER XIII - Agriculture and Livestock
CHAPTER XIV - Military Annals
CHAPTER XV - The Lake and Calumet Region in the World War
CHAPTER XVI - The Newspapers
CHAPTER XVII - The Medical Profession
CHAPTER XVIII - The Bench and Bar in the Lake and Calumet Region
CHAPTER XIX - Churches
CHAPTER XX - Schools
CHAPTER XXI - Libraries
CHAPTER XXII - Social Life
CHAPTER XXIII - The Dunes of Northwestern Indiana
CHAPTER XXIV - Banks and Banking
CHAPTER XXV - Transportation and Waterways
CHAPTER XXVI - Cities
CHAPTER XXVII - Industrial Development
CHAPTER XXVIII - Chambers of Commerce
Transcribed by Steven R. Shook, December 2022